• Posted September 13, 2022

How Many Steps a Day (and How Fast) to Lengthen Your Life?

There's an easy way to reduce your risk for dementia, heart disease and cancer: Start walking.

Getting in those recommended 10,000 steps a day makes a real difference, new research affirms, but even fewer will pay big dividends. No matter how many you log, however, step up your pace for the biggest benefit.

For every 2,000 steps you log, up to about 10,000 a day, your risk of early death drops by between 8% and 11%, researchers found.

"So, 10,000 steps maximizes the chances of getting all these benefits, but also for inactive people who can't engage in so many steps -- any steps have benefits -- every step counts," said lead researcher Borja del Pozo Cruz of the Center for Active and Healthy Aging at the University of Southern Denmark in Odense.

And, he added, it's never too late to get going.

"The range of participants that we had in the study went from 40 to 79," Cruz said. "That means that any person can actually get the benefits."

This study, however, doesn't prove that walking 10,000 steps a day has a health benefit, only that number of steps is associated with a reduction in heart disease, cancer, dementia and early death.

Cruz said that the power of the study lies in its large size and in researchers' ability to isolate walking from other exercises.

For the greatest health benefit, the sweet spot was 9,800 steps a day, which slashed dementia risk by 40%. But just 3,800 steps lowered it by 25%, the investigators found.

Over and above the number of steps, walking at a brisker pace -- about 80 steps a minute -- brought the greatest reduction in dementia, heart disease, cancer and premature death, Cruz noted.

But all that walking doesn't have to happen all at once. It can be spread out during the day, the researchers said.

The study drew from data from 78,500 adults in the United Kingdom who were followed for a median seven years, meaning half were followed even longer. They wore wrist sensors that measured their physical activity over seven days.

Cruz said that wearable devices like Apple watches and Fitbits that track steps can be useful if you use them faithfully.

"What we know about those devices is in the beginning people take them very seriously, but after a while," use tapers off, he said. "We also know that you need to create the habit."

Dr. Benjamin Hirsh, director of preventive cardiology at the Sandra Atlas Bass Heart Hospital in Manhasset, N.Y., said that the findings reinforce the benefits of regular walking.

"Walking and making it a habit to routinely walk 10,000 steps will, on a consistent and long-term basis, reduce your risk of heart disease and cancer and dementia," he said.

Hirsh noted that the first 5,000 steps bring the greatest payoff. But the benefit continues to increase, though less so, in the next 5,000 steps and beyond.

He said it's not clear why 10,000 steps a day seems to be the magic number.

"There's been a lot of controversy around that," Hirsh said, "But overall, I think that this study validates that."

The findings show that the "benefits of exercise are tremendous," he said, highlighting the importance of lifestyle in preventing disease and prolonging life.

The study was published online Sept. 12 in JAMA Internal Medicine.

More information

The Arthritis Foundation has more about the benefits of walking.

SOURCES: Borja del Pozo Cruz, PhD, MSc, Center for Active and Healthy Aging, University of Southern Denmark, Odense; Benjamin Hirsh, MD, director, preventive cardiology, Sandra Atlas Bass Heart Hospital, Manhasset, N.Y.; JAMA Internal Medicine, Sept. 12, 2022, online